Nouns

Nouns
a word used to identify any of a class of things, people, or places. Most nouns in English have both singular and plural forms, and the plural is usually formed by adding "s" to the singular. The basic ways to form plurals are included:
Regular Plurals of Nouns
1- It is formed by adding (es) if the noun ended with s, x, ch or sh for example
tax- taxes
2- It is formed by (Changing y to i then add es) if the noun ended with consonant + y, for example: baby- babies
3- Most others add only s in the end for example: car – cars, house- houses, door – doors
Irregular plurals of Nouns
There are many types of irregular plural, but the most common are included:
1- Change f to v then add (s) if the noun ended with fe for example: knife- knives, wife- wives
2- Change f to v then add (es) if the noun ended with f for example: wolf- wolves, half- halves
3- Add (es) if the noun ended with o for example: volcano- volcanoes
4- Change us to I us for example: nucleus – nuclei
5- Change is to es if the noun ended with is for example: analysis- analyses, thesis – theses
6- Change the vowel or change the word or add a different ending for examples:
man - men
foot - feet
child - children
person – people
tooth - teeth
mouse – mice
goose- geese

7- Unchanging nouns (singular and plural are the same) for example: sheep, fish and deer
Exercise 1:
1- The plural of "wish" is (a. wish, b. wishies, c. wishs, d. wishes).
2- The plural of "church" is (a. churchs, b. churches, c. churchse, d. churies).
3- The plural of "bus" is (a. bi, b. buss, c. buses, d. busa).
4- The plural of "stimulus" is (a. stimuluses, b. stimuli, c. stimula, d. stimules).
5- The plural of "shelf" is (a. shelfs, b. shelves, c. shelvs, d. shelfes).

Countable and uncountable nouns
Countable nouns are used for things that we can count using numbers. They have a singular and a plural form. The singular form can use "a" or "an". For example:
Huda has three dogs.
Uncountable nouns are used for the things that we cannot count with numbers. They may be the names for abstract ideas or qualities or for physical objects that are too small to be counted (liquids, powders, gases, etc.). Uncountable nouns are used with a singular verb. They usually do not have a plural form. For example:
There has been a lot of research into the causes of a diabetes disease.

Exercise 2 Write the plural form of the words in italics.

1. Even the best psychiatrists sometimes make mistakes in their diagnosis and treatment.
2. Nuclear energy is produced using the heat generated by splitting the nucleus of atoms of certain elements.
3. Atoms emit or absorb quantum of equal energy.
4. Chemical equilibrium may be classified into two groups, namely homogenous and heterogenous equilibrium.
5. After analyzing the datum, they were able to draw conclusions.