Vaccine against cholera whole cell killed parenteral vaccine
This vaccine is still in use in many developing countries including India .The vaccine is prepared from classical V.cholera but it carrier equal protection against El Tor biotype .but not protect against classical V.cholera
Composition
The vaccine consists of a mixture in equal proportion of sterile suspension of cholera type Inaba and Ogawa so that each milliliter contains a total of 12000 million organisms .It is a head killed and phenol preserved vaccine
Dose and route of administration
The primary immunization consist of two doses injected subcutaneously at an interval of 4-6 weeks .the dose for an adult is 0.5 ml each injection ,for child between 2-10 years of age it is 0.3 ml and for children between 1-2 years of age 0.2 ml is injected .the vaccine is not recommended for use in children less than one years of age .the vaccine is injected intramuscularly or deep subcutaneously in deltoid region or anterolateral part of thigh .
Contraindication
1- patients with acute infections or chronic illness
2- children under one year of age
3- sever reaction to apreviously administrated cholera vaccine
4- pregnancy ,though there is no information to suggest that cholera vaccine is unsafe during pregnancy .
Adverse reactions
a-local reactions transient swelling ,redness and pain
b-general reactions headache ,pyrexia and malaise usually lasting 1-2 days ,anaphylaxis reaction and neurological syndrome such as neuritis ,polyneuritis ,cerebral and meningeal irritation may occur very rarely .
Immunity
the protection value of vaccine is estimated to be around 50% for period of 3-6 months . booster are needed to be given every 6 months to subjects who are likely to be exposed to infection .A single booster will suffice even if longer than six months have elapsed since the last dose was administrated repeated vaccination over a period of three years may result in the development of hypersensitivity to protein constituent of the vaccine .
oral B whole cell cholera vaccine
composition : this vaccine is usually referred to as B subunit whole cell (BSWC ) VACCINE .It is consist of purified B subunit from cholera toxin of Inaba and Ogawa serotypes
composition of one dose of BSWC cholera vaccine
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Component
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Content
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Quantity /number
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B subunit
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Cholera toxin B subunit purified
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1mg
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WC
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Inactivated whole cell
1-Heat killed V. cholera Inaba
Classical (strain Cairo 48)
Heat killed V. cholera Ogawa
Classical (strain Cairo 50)
2-formalin killed V. cholera Inaba
El Tor strain (phil6973)
formalin killed V. cholera Ogawa
Classical (strain Cairo 50)
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2.5 *1010
2.5 *1010
2.5 *1010
2.5 *1010
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Dose and route of administration
Because of acid sensitivity especially that of B subunit the vaccine is administered together with a sodium bicarbonate –citric acid buffer solution that is calculated to ensure adequate neutralization of stomach acidity for preservative of vaccine when passing through stomach the vaccine is given in three doses in a liquid formulation .
Efficacy
The vaccine was found to be completely safe with no side effects .It also induced significant rise in serum vibriocidal antibodies in 89% individuals and antitoxin rise in 100% volunteers .
In volunteers in the USA three doses of BSWC vaccine afforded 63% protection and the WC component alone 56% protection against a subsequent challenge
المادة المعروضة اعلاه هي مدخل الى المحاضرة المرفوعة بواسطة استاذ(ة) المادة . وقد تبدو لك غير متكاملة . حيث يضع استاذ المادة في بعض الاحيان فقط الجزء الاول من المحاضرة من اجل الاطلاع على ما ستقوم بتحميله لاحقا . في نظام التعليم الالكتروني نوفر هذه الخدمة لكي نبقيك على اطلاع حول محتوى الملف الذي ستقوم بتحميله .